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Vladimir Solomonovich Pozner ((ロシア語:Влади́мир Соломо́нович По́знер), January 5, 1905 in Paris – February 19, 1992 in ''ibidem'') was a French writer and translator of Russian-Jewish descent. His family fled the pogroms to take up residence in France. Pozner expanded on his inherited cultural socialism to associate both in writing and politics with anti-fascist and communist groups in the inter-war period. His writing was important because he made friends with internationally renowned exponents of hardline communism, while rejecting Soviet oppression.〔http://www.pozner.fr/vladimirpozner-biographie.html〕 ==Youth== The Pozner family fled Soviet Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution, Born in Paris to Russian-Jewish parents in 1905, after the first failed Bolshevik revolution, his father, Solomon Pozner, was a historian and an active emancipationist. A comrade of Rosa Luxemburg's group, he encouraged participation of Jews in Russian society, where possible. He joined the Society for Artisan Labour and the Society for the Spread of the Enlightenment. His mother was Esther Siderski, who also joined these groups, was equally motivated to throw off the "spiritual slavery" of assimilation.〔J Frankel, "Prophecy and Politics", p.198〕 A brother, George was born in 1908, later a Professor of Egyptology. The following year an amnesty allowed the family to return to St Petersburg, which in their absence was renamed Petrograd. Pozner studied in Leningrad where he started working as a translator and journalist. On the outbreak of the Great War (World War 1) Russia's borders were closed, and the Jews trapped inside the pale of settlement. Little progress had been made by the Duma on civil and political rights for Jews in the early part of 20th century. The October revolution passed by Victor's windows as a student, as he watched the streets below. A literary group known as 'The Brothers of Serapion' would gather in his parents' apartment in the city to read and discuss poetry. Frequent visitors were Victor Shklovsky, Alexander Blok, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Anna Akhmatova, the youngest of a famous conclave. In 1921 the westernised Pozner returned to Paris, and began studies at the Sorbonne from 1922, where he met Irene Nemirovsky. He began the first translations of Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky into French; in addition a variety of young Soviet writers including Isaac Babel, Vsevolod Ivanov, Lev Luntz, Alexey Tolstoy were contemporaries. On graduating he made a perilous journey to Berlin in search of his Russian friends, Maxim Gorki, Shklovsky, Mayakovsky. Germany remained the only country in Europe that would accept a Soviet passport. He got to know the novels of Boris Pasternak from Elsa Triolet. Thus Vladimir Pozner became a Communist sympathizer while living in Europe. Many of the Russian-Jewish intelligentsia, such as Sliozberg and Horace Ginzberg, considered themselves Russian citizens, and saw no inconsistency of approach in faithfulness to Judaism with Russian-ness of the "russkie evrei". Ironically, the spread of this diaspora had the opposite effect, as it encouraged ideas of emigration and freedom. Jews were called on by socialist writer Hamlakah to "be a man on the streets."〔B Nathans, "Beyond the Pale" (2004), p.339〕 Pozner married Elisabeth Makovska, a painter and photographer, in 1925. They had a daughter, Anne-Marie, known as Kissa, in 1927. A career in journalism was begun as he wrote for left wing papers, Regards, Vendredi, Marianne, Messidor, and for the literary review publications, Bifur, Europe, and NRF. One friend regularly visited was painter and interior-designer, Francis Jourdain, an older man whose work Vladimir admired. He published his first collection of Russian poetry in Paris in 1928, titled ''Poemes de Circonstances," based on being a Russian Jew in voluntary exile. The following year Vladimir worked on submissions for Trianon, and published a Panorama of Russian Literature. Two years later, he published "Doistoievski et romans aventures," being the first to translate the great Russian novelist into French. He travelled to Italy to visit Gorky, at that time an exiled communist and critic of Soviet Russia, and stayed with him on the coast at Sorrento. He also became editor and secretary of Commune published by the Association of Revolutionary Writers and Artists, run by Paul Vaillant-Couturier, and got to collaborate with Aragon, Nizan, Malraux, Soupault, André Gide, Giono, Cartier-Bresson... As Hitler came to power in Germany in the early 1930s, Pozner worked actively in the struggle to rescue refugees fleeing the Nazis, meeting the German composer Hanns Eisler, an anti-fascist refugee, with whom he formed a lifelong friendship. The writers Anna Seghers, and Ida Liebmann, German-Russian Jewish refugees from the Nazis, were also friends who required aid in the widespread murders and mass arrests of Communists in Germany after 1933, along with the loss of citizenship of all German Jews. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vladimir Pozner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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